Brusilovsky, P., Calabrese, E., Hvorecky, J., Kouchnirenko, A., and Miller, P. (1997) Mini-languages: A Way to Learn Programming Principles. Education and Information Technologies 2 (1), pp. 65-83.

Languages mentioned

• Josef {1982}
• Karel {1981}
• LOGO {1967} Elementary list processing language with interactive graphics
• Marta {1989}
• Martino {1985}
• MINI {1980}
• MultiLogo {1990}
• Tortoise {1991}
• Turingal {1983}