Shaw, Mary; Almes, Guy T.; Newcomer, Joseph M.; Reid, Brian K.; and Wulf, W. A. "A comparison of programming languages for software engineering" Software Practice and Experience 11(01) January 1981 pp1-52

Languages mentioned

• COBOL {1960} COmmon Business Oriented Language
• FORTRAN {1954} Backus et al high-level compiler
• Ironman {1977} Penultimate Ada specification
• JOVIAL {1959} Airforce International Algebraic Language