| ASSEMBLY | ⊕ 1951 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Excluded from Sammet | ⊕ Symbolic assemblers | ⊕ United States | Rochester Asssembler for IBM |
| OMNIBAC Symbolic assembler | ⊕ 1951 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Specialised Languages | ⊕ Symbolic assemblers | ⊕ United States | First symbolic machine code |
| SORT/MERGE | ⊕ 1951 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Multi-purpose | ⊕ Sorting and editing systems | ⊕ United States | First code autogenerator |
| Whirlwind | ⊕ 1951 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Numerical Scientific | ⊕ Other US historic | ⊕ United States | Autocode for MIT Whirlwind |