| C-10 | ⊕ 1966 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | Improved version of COLINGO |
| COLINGO | ⊕ 1965 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | |
| DL/I | ⊕ 1966 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | Data Language/I |
| Fact Compiler Language | ⊕ 1960 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Specialised Languages | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | Restricted ENglish querying language |
| GIS | ⊕ 1966 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | General Information Store |
| ICS | ⊕ 1967 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | IBM NAA data retrieval system |
| OPAL | ⊕ 1960 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United Kingdom | CEIR data processing language |
| TDMS | ⊕ 1970 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | Flat DB | ⊕ United States | Time-Shared Data Management System |