| DEACON | ⊕ 1962 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | English-like query system |
| MARK I | ⊕ 1962 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | GCSC Informatics data querying language |
| QUERY | ⊕ 1962 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Near natural language querying system |
| SAD SAM | ⊕ 1962 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Basic English querying system |
| The General Inquirer | ⊕ 1962 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Special input language for Harvard information retrieval system |