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BASIC(ID:176/bas009)
Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1963
Published: 1963
Genus: Dartmouth Basics
Sammet category: On-Line
Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code Dartmouth College 1963-1964
Language originally designed for Dartmouth's experimental timesharing system in the early 1960's.
Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. John G. Kemeny & Thomas E. Kurtz, Dartmouth College, designed 1963, first ran on an GE255 on May 1, 1964
Contrary to popular belief, the original BASIC was a powerful and elegant hybrid of the best notios of progamming amthematical expressions, as is witnessed by the fact that the first published example solved differential equations! (See below) Kemeny was a highly respected maths educator, who pioneered the "new math" in the 60s. Also not a backwards engineered acronym.
For the skeptics, they only have to look at the literature, and see how scientific, engineering, statistical and artificial intelligence programs were written in BASIC. In particular, attention should be paid to the three volume statistical and engineering work by Fred Ruckdeschel published by Byte. HP test equipment featured Rocky Mountain BASIC, while other embedded basics ran a large number of machines as an alternative to FORTH (when the ROM BASIC was removed fromt he original PCs, for years afterwards absence of an operating system was announced as "ROM BASIC not loaded").
Kemeny and Kurtz themselves distinguished between their "True BASIC" (which featured matrix manipulation before other mainstream languages) and what they termed "Street BASIC" which was basically a manufacturer's hack.
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References:
(1964) "BASIC Summary Card", Dartmouth 1964
Extract:
Page 1
Extract:
Page 2
(1964) "BASIC: A Manual for BASIC, the elementary algebraic language designed for use with the Dartmouth Time Sharing System" 1 October 1964
pdf
Picture: The first page of instruction in the original Dartmouth Manual
[GEC] (1966) 'BASIC' Language Reference Manual, General Electric Information Systems Division (Sept., 1966, revised).
Kemeny, J. (1966) Kemeny, J. G. and Kurtz, T. E., BASIC (User's Manual) (3rd ed.), Dartmouth College Computation Center, Hanover, N. H. (Jan., 1966).
Kenemy, J.G. (1966) Kenemy, J.G. "The Computer at Dartmouth"
in Orr (ed) (1968) Orr, William (ed) "Conversational Computing", 1968
Wood, L. H., Reinfelds, J., Seitz, R. N, and Clem, (1966) Wood, L. H., Reinfelds, J., Seitz, R. N, and Clem, P. L., Jr. "The AMTRAN System" pp22-27
Extract:
General philosophy
Extract:
Conclusion
Extract:
Other conversational mode systems
Extract:
Hardware Configuration
in (1966) Datamation 12(10) Oct 1966
Kemeny, J. (1967) Kemeny, J. G. and Kurtz, T. E., BASIC Programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1967.
in (1966) Datamation 12(10) Oct 1966
Sammet, Jean E., (1967) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1967"
in (1967) Computers & Automation 16(6) June 1967
Albany, A. E. J. (1969) Albany, A. E. J. "FORDESK IV - The Design and Implementation of a FORTRAN IV Interpreter"
Abstract
Extract:
COMPARISONS WITH BASIC AND AID
in [Proceedings] (1969) Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Computer Conference Adelaide, South Australia, 1969
Rice, John K. and Rice, John R. (1969) Rice, John K. and Rice, John R. "Introduction to computer science" New York Holt, Rinehart & Winston 1969
in [Proceedings] (1969) Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Computer Conference Adelaide, South Australia, 1969
(1971) "Kemeny and Kurz: Dartmouth's Time-Sharing System Captures College, Creates Confidence" Computers and Automation Feb 15 1971
Extract:
Interview
in [Proceedings] (1969) Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Computer Conference Adelaide, South Australia, 1969
Barron (1971) Barron, DW "Approaches to conversation FORTRAN" pp123-127
Abstract
Extract:
Introduction
Extract:
City Conversational FORTRAN
in (1971) The Computer Journal 14(1) 1971
Stock (1971) Stock, Karl F. "A listing of some programming languages and their users" in RZ-Informationen. Graz: Rechenzentrum Graz 1971 37
Abstract
in (1971) The Computer Journal 14(1) 1971
Lee, J.A.N. (1972) Lee, J.A.N. "The formal definition of the BASIC language"
Abstract
in (1972) The Computer Journal 15(1) February 1972
Sammet (1972) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1972" 33
in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
Sammet, Jean E. (1973) Sammet, Jean E. "Roster of Programming Languages for 1973" p147
in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
Stock and Stock (1973) Stock, Marylene and Stock, Karl F. "Bibliography of Programming Languages: Books, User Manuals and Articles from PLANKALKUL to PL/I" Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/Munchen 1973 83
Abstract
in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
Hager, Oberita (1975) Hager, Oberita "An Evaluation of the Data Processing Program at Eastern Kentucky University"
in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
Kurz, T.E. (1978) Kurz, T.E. "BASIC"
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Lewis, T.G. (1978) Lewis, T.G. "BASIC language summary"
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Sammet, Jean E (1978) Sammet, Jean E "Roster of programming languages for 1976-77" pp56-85
in [SIGPLAN] (1978) SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978
Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. review of Sammet and Lee HOPL conference end banquet excerpts
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Steel, T. (1982) Steel, T. B. review of Wexelblat 1982
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Tee, C. (1982) Tee, C. J. review of Kurtz 1978
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Van Deusen, M. (1982) Van Deusen, M. review of Wexelblat 1982
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Kemeny, John G. and Kurtz, Thomas E. (1984) Kemeny, John G. and Kurtz, Thomas E. "Bringing up BASIC"
Internal error
LETVAR\\\: Invalid procedure call or argument 5 ProtiumLPNDB at strContent Checking wild card
in Ditlea, Steve (ed) (1984) Ditlea, Steve (ed) "Digital Deli: The Comprehensive, User-Lovable Menu of Computer Lore, Culture, Lifestyles and Fancy by The Lunch Group & Guests" Workman Publishers: New York, 1984.
(1985) Kemeny, John G., Kurtz, Thomas E., Back to BASIC, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading MA, 1985.
in Ditlea, Steve (ed) (1984) Ditlea, Steve (ed) "Digital Deli: The Comprehensive, User-Lovable Menu of Computer Lore, Culture, Lifestyles and Fancy by The Lunch Group & Guests" Workman Publishers: New York, 1984.
(2002) Library of Congress Subject Headings B3
in Ditlea, Steve (ed) (1984) Ditlea, Steve (ed) "Digital Deli: The Comprehensive, User-Lovable Menu of Computer Lore, Culture, Lifestyles and Fancy by The Lunch Group & Guests" Workman Publishers: New York, 1984.
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