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Language peer sets for JOSS:
United States↑
United States/1963↑
Designed 1963 ↑
1960s languages ↑
Third generation↑
Early Cold War↑
Genus Generation of JOSS I ↑
On-Line ↑
Generation of JOSS I↑
JOSS family↑
Conversational ↑
Generation of JOSS I/1963↑
JOSS family/1963↑
Conversational/1963↑
Generation of JOSS I/United States↑
JOSS family/United States↑
Conversational/United States↑
On-Line ↑
On-Line/1963↑
On-Line/us ↑

JOSS(ID:200/jos002)

JOHNNIAC Open Shop System 

alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1963
Published: 1963
Genus: Generation of JOSS I
Sammet category: On-Line

for JOHNNIAC Open Shop System.

Cliff Shaw, RAND Corporation: design 1960-1963; operational May 1963

The first conversational programming system, part of the Information Processor project by  Ellis, Shaw, Newell, Uncapher, and Nehama. JOSS was more than a language, as the name suggests, it was a system. The aim of the IP project was:
"To devise an information processing system capable of getting along on its own - it must handle its own problems of programming, bookkeeping, communication and coordination with its users. It must appear to its users as a  single, Integrated personality. It must be able to assist in devising the method of  solution of problems and not merely solve them."

Such luminaries as Kay, Nelson and Gruenberger have singled JOSS out as the first every user-directed system, something which Newell placed firmly as part of Shaw's vision:
"...the concepts of Joss are pure Cliff, and express attitudes and technical ideals that he has nurtured since long before I got to know him [ie 1954]"

From []
"JOSS, the JOHNNIAC Open-Shop System, is a conversational time-sharing system developed at the Rand Corporation to demonstrate, on a small scale, the value of time-sharing and easy access to computing power for the nonprogrammer. In three computer implementations from May 1963 to the 198Os, JOSS has provided an English-like language that is easy to learn and use by trial and error at a terminal. Thus this earliest of simple on-line systems has enabled the computer novice to explore to advantage many small computational problems that might not be worth the effort in another computing environment."

Features array calculations, and executabler objects in the form of steps and parts which are numbered.

People:

Hardware:
Structures:
Related languages
EASY FOX → JOSS   Written using
JOSS → AMTRAN   Influence
JOSS → BASIC   positive partial Influence
JOSS → CAL   Extension of
JOSS → CAL   Based on
JOSS → CITRAN   Derivation of
JOSS → COWSEL   Influence
JOSS → DIALOG   Enhancement of
JOSS → DZHOSS   Implementation
JOSS → ESI   Extension of
JOSS → FIGARO   Implementation
JOSS → HOI   Based on
JOSS → INTERP   Implementation
JOSS → JASP   Based on
JOSS → JEAN   Dialect of
JOSS → JOSS II   Evolution of
JOSS → JOSTRAN   Dialect of
JOSS → LCC   Influence
JOSS → PIL/I   Variant
JOSS → PPL   Influence
References:
  • Baker, C. (1964) Baker, C. L., JOSS: Scenario of a Filmed Report, RAND Corp., RM-4162-PR, Santa Monica, Calif. (June, 1964).
  • Shaw, J. C., (1964) Shaw, J. C., "JOSS: A Designer's View of an Experimental On-Line Computing System" pp455-64
          in [AFIPS JCC 26] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 26] Proceedings of the 1964 Fall Joint Computer Conference FJCC 1964
  • Samuel, A.L. (1965) Samuel, A.L. "Time Sharing on a Multiconsole Computer" MIT-LCS-TR-017 1965
          in [AFIPS JCC 26] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 26] Proceedings of the 1964 Fall Joint Computer Conference FJCC 1964
  • Schwartz, JI (1965) Schwartz, JI "Programming languages for on-line computing"
          in Kalenich W.A. (1965) Kalenich W.A. (ed), Proceedings IFIP Congress (New York, May 24-29, 1965), Spartan Books, New York, 1965.
  • Shaw, J. C., (1965) Shaw, J. C., "JOSS: Experience with an Experimental Computing Service for Users at Remote Typewriter Consoles", RAND Corp., P-3149, Santa Monica, Calif. (May, 1965).
          in Kalenich W.A. (1965) Kalenich W.A. (ed), Proceedings IFIP Congress (New York, May 24-29, 1965), Spartan Books, New York, 1965.
  • Baker, C. (1966) Baker, C. L., JOSS: Introduction to a Helpful Assistant, RAND Corp., Memorandum RM-50580-PR, Santa Monica, Calif. (July, 1966). Abstract Online copy
          in Kalenich W.A. (1965) Kalenich W.A. (ed), Proceedings IFIP Congress (New York, May 24-29, 1965), Spartan Books, New York, 1965.
  • Schwartz, Jules I. (1966) Schwartz, Jules I. "Online programming" pp199-203 DOI Abstract
          in [ACM] (1966) [ACM] CACM 9(03) March 1966 includes proceedings of the ACM Programming Languages and Pragmatics Conference, San Dimas, California, August 1965
  • Wood, L. H., Reinfelds, J., Seitz, R. N, and Clem, (1966) Wood, L. H., Reinfelds, J., Seitz, R. N, and Clem, P. L., Jr. "The AMTRAN System" pp22-27 Extract: General philosophy Extract: Conclusion Extract: Other conversational mode systems Extract: Hardware Configuration
          in (1966) Datamation 12(10) Oct 1966
  • Baker, C. L. (1967) Baker, C. L. "JOSS: Console Design", 1967 Feb.
          in (1966) Datamation 12(10) Oct 1966
  • Baker, C. L. (1967) Baker, C. L. "JOSS: Rubrics", 1967 Mar. Abstract Online copy
          in (1966) Datamation 12(10) Oct 1966
  • Bryan, G. E., (1967) Bryan, G. E., "JOSS: 20,000 Hours at the Console: A Statistical Summary" pp769-777
          in [AFIPS] (1967) [AFIPS] Proceedings of the 1967 Fall Joint Computer Conference FJCC 31
  • Newell, Alan, Jay Earley and Fred Haney (1967) Newell, Alan, Jay Earley and Fred Haney "*l manual" Carnegie Institute of Technology June 26, 1967 Extract: Conversational languages
          in [AFIPS] (1967) [AFIPS] Proceedings of the 1967 Fall Joint Computer Conference FJCC 31
  • Shaw, J.C. (1968) Shaw, J.C. "JOSS: experience with an experimental computing service for users at remote consoles" pp. 15-22
          in Orr (ed) (1968) Orr, William (ed) "Conversational Computing", 1968
  • Sammet, Jean E. (1969) Sammet, Jean E. "Computer Languages - Principles and History" Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall 1969. pp.217-226
          in Orr (ed) (1968) Orr, William (ed) "Conversational Computing", 1968
  • Sammet, Jean E. (1973) Sammet, Jean E. "Roster of Programming Languages for 1973" p147
          in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
  • Stock and Stock (1973) Stock, Marylene and Stock, Karl F. "Bibliography of Programming Languages: Books, User Manuals and Articles from PLANKALKUL to PL/I" Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/Munchen 1973 310 Abstract
          in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
  • Bobrow and Raphael (1974) Bobrow, D.G. and B. Raphael, "New programming languages for artificial intelligence"
          in [ACM] (1974) [ACM] ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 6(3) September 1974
  • Baker, C. L. (1978) Baker, C. L. "JOSS: Johnniac Open-Shop System"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • [HOPL I] (1978) Sammet, Jean E. and Lee, John A. N. HOPL conference end banquet excerpts.(Videotapes) ACM SIGPLAN history of programming languages conference. (Los Angeles, June 1-3, 1978).
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Gruenberger, F. J. (1979) Gruenberger, F. J. "The History of the JOHNNIAC" pp57-59 (reprint of Gruenberger 1968)
          in (1979) Annals of the History of Computing, July 1979
  • Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. Review of Baker 1978 pp149-150 Extract: Review
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. review of Sammet and Lee HOPL conference end banquet excerpts Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Steel, T. (1982) Steel, T. B. review of Wexelblat 1982 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Van Deusen, M. (1982) Van Deusen, M. review of Wexelblat 1982 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Ceruzzi, Paul with McDonald, Rod and Welch, Grego (1983) Ceruzzi, Paul with McDonald, Rod and Welch, Gregory "Computers: A Look at the First Generation" The Computer Museum Report, Volume 7 online at Ed Thelen's site Extract: Programming first generation machines
          in (1984) The Computer Museum Report, Volume 7, Winter/1983/84
  • Thayer, R. (1983) Thayer, R. P. review of Baker 1978 in ACM Computing Reviews January 1983 Abstract
          in (1984) The Computer Museum Report, Volume 7, Winter/1983/84
  • Willis Ware, Bill Gunning, Paul Armer, Mort Bernst (1998) Willis Ware, Bill Gunning, Paul Armer, Mort Bernstein "Building Computers in 1953: JOHNNIAC" Public Lecture Computer History Museum September 15, 1998. Extract: JOHNNIAC Interpreters
          in (1984) The Computer Museum Report, Volume 7, Winter/1983/84
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