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Language peer sets for AL:
United States↑
United States/1969↑
Designed 1969 ↑
1960s languages ↑
Third generation↑
High Cold War↑
Genus Structure-oriented ↑
Specialised Languages ↑
Structure-oriented↑
Robotics↑
Physical control ↑
Structure-oriented/1969↑
Robotics/1969↑
Physical control/1969↑
Structure-oriented/United States↑
Robotics/United States↑
Physical control/United States↑
Specialised Languages ↑
Specialised Languages/1969↑
Specialised Languages/us ↑

AL(ID:486/al:001)

Assembler for robots 

alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1969
Published: 1969
Genus: Structure-oriented
Sammet category: Specialised Languages

for Assembly Language and Arm Language (because it was first used for the arm)

Standford Research Institute 1969

Robotic language for the Stanford Arm, developed by Victor Scheinman at SAIL. It was a small electrically-controlled arm, with six degrees of freedom. AL was used to descibe the mathematical functions which the arm would then fit.

Despite its name, AL was an ALGOL 60 derivation.

The technology was transferred to Karlsruhe in 1980 to be made into a new higher level language


Places
Related languages
ALGOL 60 → AL   Based on
WAVE → AL   Evolution of
AL → Karlsruhe AL   Evolution of
AL → SRL   Based on
References:
  • Binford, T. (1973) Binford, T. "The AL Language for an Intelligent Robot", pp73-88
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Stock and Stock (1973) Stock, Marylene and Stock, Karl F. "Bibliography of Programming Languages: Books, User Manuals and Articles from PLANKALKUL to PL/I" Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/Munchen 1973 19 Abstract
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Finkel, R. (1974) Finkel, R. ; R. Taylor, R. Holies, R. Paul and J. Feldman, AL, A Proararming System for Automation, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo AIM-177, November 1974
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Finkel, Raphael A. Taylor, Russell H. Bolles, Robe (1974) Finkel, Raphael A. Taylor, Russell H. Bolles, Robert C. Paul, Richard P. Feldman, Jerome A. "AL, a programming system for automation" Report Number: CS-TR-74-456 Department of Computer Science Stanford University Abstract pdf
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Mujtaba, S. and Goldman, R (1979) Mujtaba, S. and Goldman, R "AL User's Manual", Stanford AI Lab, Memo AIM-323 (Jan 1979) Abstract pdf Extract: Design Philosophy of AL (includes WAVE)
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Mujtaba, Sahid and Goldman, R. (1979) Mujtaba, Sahid and Goldman, R. The AL user's manual, STAN-CS-79-718. Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif., 1979.
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Blume, C. (1980) Blume, C. "AL - ein textuelles Programmiersystem fur Industrieroboter" [AL - A Textual Programming System for Industrial Robots]. PDV-Berichte, Karlsruhe (1980)
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Jakob, W. (1980) Jakob, W. "Erttwurfund Implementierung eines Compilers fur sine hohere Manipulatorsprache zur Programmiemng eines Roboters" [Design and Implementation of a Compiler for a high level Programming Language for Industrial Robots] Thesis, Universitat Karlsruhe (1980)
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Mujtaba, Sahid (1980) Mujtaba, Sahid "Current status of the AL manipulator programming system" Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Industrial Robots, Milan, 1980
          in (1979) Langages et Methods de Programation des Robots Industriels, IRIA Press 1979
  • Blume, C. (1981) Blume, C. "A Structured Way of Implementing the High Level Programming Language AL on a Mini- and Microcomputer Configuration"
          in Kosinski, M.S. (1976) Kosinski, M.S. "SPL/I Language Reference Manual" Intermetrics Report 172-1 (July 1976).
  • Blume, C.: (1981) Blume, C.: "Vorstellung der Sprache AL und die Besonderheiten der Implementierung an der Universitat Karlsruhe" [Presentation of the Language AL and the Specialities of Its Implementation at the University of Karlsruhe] pp17-53
          in [PFT] (1981) [PFT] Verbesserte Programmiemng von Robotern in der Montage [Improved Programming of Robots in Assembly] PFT-Entwicklungs-notiz Karlsruhe (1981)
  • Bratko, I (1981) Bratko, I "Knowledge-based problem-solving in AL3" p73
          in Machine Intelligence 10, J.E. (1982) Machine Intelligence 10, J.E. Hayes, Donald Michie, and Y-H. Pao, editors, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chicester, England, 1982.
  • Jakob, W. (1981) Jakob, W. "Der AL-CompilerausderSichtdesBenutzers" [The AL-Compiler from the User's Viewpoint] pp54-76
          in [PFT] (1981) [PFT] Verbesserte Programmiemng von Robotern in der Montage [Improved Programming of Robots in Assembly] PFT-Entwicklungs-notiz Karlsruhe (1981)
  • Mujtaba. M. S.. Goldman, R. and Binford. T. (1982) Mujtaba. M. S.. Goldman, R. and Binford. T. "The AL Robot Programming Language" In G. D. Gupta (ed). Computer In Engineering 1982. pp77-86. ASME. August. 1982.
          in [PFT] (1981) [PFT] Verbesserte Programmiemng von Robotern in der Montage [Improved Programming of Robots in Assembly] PFT-Entwicklungs-notiz Karlsruhe (1981)
  • Snyder, Wesley E. (1985) Snyder, Wesley E. "Industrial robots: computer interfacing and control" Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs 1985
          in [PFT] (1981) [PFT] Verbesserte Programmiemng von Robotern in der Montage [Improved Programming of Robots in Assembly] PFT-Entwicklungs-notiz Karlsruhe (1981)
  • Blume, Christian and Jakob, Wilfried (1986) Blume, Christian and Jakob, Wilfried "Programming Languages for Industrial Robots" Springer Verlag 1986
          in [PFT] (1981) [PFT] Verbesserte Programmiemng von Robotern in der Montage [Improved Programming of Robots in Assembly] PFT-Entwicklungs-notiz Karlsruhe (1981)
  • Fuller, James (1998) Fuller, James "ROBOTICS: Introduction, Programming, and Projects" Prentice-Hall
          in [PFT] (1981) [PFT] Verbesserte Programmiemng von Robotern in der Montage [Improved Programming of Robots in Assembly] PFT-Entwicklungs-notiz Karlsruhe (1981)
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