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Language peer sets for MDL:
United States↑
United States/1971↑
Designed 1971 ↑
1970s languages ↑
Third generation↑
High Cold War↑
Genus Strict evaluation LISPs ↑
Strict evaluation LISPs↑
LISPs↑
Lambda caculus ↑
Strict evaluation LISPs/1971↑
LISPs/1971↑
Lambda caculus/1971↑
Strict evaluation LISPs/United States↑
LISPs/United States↑
Lambda caculus/United States↑

MDL(ID:556/mdl001)

LISP with data types and arrays 

alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1971
Published: 1971
Genus: Strict evaluation LISPs

for More Data structures than Lisp

(originally "Muddle"). C. Reeve, C. Hewitt & G. Sussman, Dynamic Modeling Group, MIT ca. 1971. Intended as a successor to Lisp, and a possible base for Planner-70. Basically LISP 1.5 with data types and arrays. Many of its features were advanced at the time (I/O, interrupt handling and coroutining), and were incorporated into later LISP dialects ("optional", "rest" and "aux" markers).

In the mid 80's there was an effort to use bytecoding to make the language portable. CLU was first implemented in MDL. Infocom wrote Zork in MDL, and used it as the basis for the ZIL interpreter.

Implementations exist for ITS, TOPS-20, BSD 4.3, Apollo Domain, SunOS and A/UX.

Singled out by Licklider as the best candidate for the "hieroglyph-embedded" superlanguage of the future

Structures:
Related languages
LISP 1.5 → MDL   Extension of
MDL → CLU   Written using
MDL → Muddle   Nickname
MDL → ZIL   Written using
References:
  • Sammet (1972) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1972" 168
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
  • Stock and Stock (1973) Stock, Marylene and Stock, Karl F. "Bibliography of Programming Languages: Books, User Manuals and Articles from PLANKALKUL to PL/I" Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/Munchen 1973 374 Abstract
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
  • Galley, S.W. et al (1975) Galley, S.W. et al "The MDL Programming Language", Doc SYS.11.01, Project MAC, MIT (Nov 1975). Abstract
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
  • Licklider, J.C.R. (1976) Licklider, J.C.R. "USER-ORIENTED INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS" Proceedings of the ACM/SIGGRAPH workshop on User-oriented design of interactive graphics systems Pittsburgh, PA 1976 pp89-96 Abstract Extract: Graphics Embedded in LISP and APL-Like Languages
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
  • (1979) Galley, S.W.; Pfister, G.: The MDL Programming Language, M.I.T., Computer Science Lab., MIT/LCS/TR-293, Cambridge, Mass., 1979
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
  • (1980) Dornbrook, M.; Blank, M.: The MDL Programming Language Primer, M.I.T., Computer Science Lab., MIT/LCS, Cambridge, Mass., 1980
          in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
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