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Language peer sets for Smalltalk:
United States↑
United States/1971↑
Designed 1971 ↑
1970s languages ↑
Third generation↑
High Cold War↑
Genus Simple ↑
Simple↑
Autopoeitic↑
Object-oriented ↑
Simple/1971↑
Autopoeitic/1971↑
Object-oriented/1971↑
Simple/United States↑
Autopoeitic/United States↑
Object-oriented/United States↑

Smalltalk (828/sma009)

 Logo of Smalltalk
alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1971
Published: 1972
Genus: Simple

Software Concepts Group, Xerox PARC, led by Alan Kay, early 70's. Took the concepts of class and message from Simula-67 and made them all-pervasive, the quintessential object-oriented language. Innovations included the bitmap display, windowing system and use of mouse.

the pioneering OOP system developed by the Software Concepts Group, led by Alan Kay, at Xerox PARC. It includes a language (usually interpreted), a programming environment, and an extensive object library. SMALLTALK took the concepts of class and message from SIMULA 67 and made them all pervasive. The syntax is very simple. The fundamental construction is to send a message to an object.  Innovations include the bitmap display, windowing system, and the use of the mouse.  Does not have multiple inheritance so each class can have at most one superclass.  According to the Webopedia, "Although it never achieved the commercial success of other languages like C++ and JAVA, many consider it to be the only true OOPL, and the one by which all others must be measured.


People:
Structures:
Related languages
CDL → Smalltalk   Influence
FLEX → Smalltalk   Evolution of
Smalltalk → Actalk   Dialect of
Smalltalk → Alltalk   Extension of
Smalltalk → BrouHaHa   Implementation
Smalltalk → CST   Extension of
Smalltalk → Deltatalk   Simplification of
Smalltalk → Distributed Smalltalk   Augmentation of
Smalltalk → Dylan   Influence
Smalltalk → Eiffel   Influence
Smalltalk → Ellie   Influence
Smalltalk → Frost   Evolution of
Smalltalk → GJ   Influence
Smalltalk → HERAKLIT   Incorporated some features of
Smalltalk → LOOPS   Influence
Smalltalk → MOPS   Derivation of
Smalltalk → OLABL   Influence
Smalltalk → OPAL   Extension of
Smalltalk → O'Small   Implementation
Smalltalk → Pygmalion   Written using
Smalltalk → Ruby   Influence
Smalltalk → School   Influence
Smalltalk → ScriptX   Influence
Smalltalk → Self   Influence
Smalltalk → SHAZAM   Extension of
Smalltalk → Smalltalk Agents   Augmentation of
Smalltalk → Smalltalk/X   Augmentation of
Smalltalk → Smalltalk-72   Evolution of
Smalltalk → SOUL   Extension of
Smalltalk → SPicolla   Target language for
Smalltalk → Strongtalk   Extension of
Smalltalk → Views   Extension of
References:
  • Ingalls, D.H. (1978) Ingalls, D.H. "The Smalltalk-76 Programming System Design and Implementation", pp9-16
          in [POPL 1978] (1978) [ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN] Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages 1978 , Tucson, Arizona
  • Ingals, Daniel H.H., (1978) Ingals, Daniel H.H., "The Smalltalk-76 Programming System: Design and Implementation" pp9-16
          in [POPL 1978] (1978) [ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN] Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on Principles of programming languages 1978 , Tucson, Arizona
  • Kay, A.C. (1978) Kay, A.C. "The early history of Smalltalk"
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Kay, Alan C. (1981) Kay, Alan C. "Generic programming: APL and Smalltalk"
          in [ACM SIGAPL] (1981) [ACM SIGAPL] APL Quote Quad 12(1) September 1981, Proceedings of the international conference on APL 1981, San Francisco, California, United States
  • Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. review of Sammet and Lee HOPL conference end banquet excerpts Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Rentsch, Tim (1982) Rentsch, Tim "Object oriented programming" pp51-57 Abstract DOI Extract: History Extract: Relationship of Smalltalk to Object Oriented Programming Extract: Characterizing Object Oriented Systems Extract: Objects Extract: Processing, Communication, and Message Sending Extract: Messages Extract: Sharing Extract: Notes on Related Systems Extract: Conclusions
          in [SIGPLAN] (1982) SIGPLAN Notices 17(09) September 1982
  • Spector, David (1982) Spector, David "Ambiguities and insecurities in Modula-2" pp43-51 Extract: Introduction
          in [SIGPLAN] (1982) SIGPLAN Notices 17(08) August 1982
  • Steel, T. (1982) Steel, T. B. review of Wexelblat 1982 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Van Deusen, M. (1982) Van Deusen, M. review of Wexelblat 1982 Abstract
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Lima, I.G. (1984) Lima, I.G. "Programming Decentralised Computers" Department of Computing Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1984 Online copy
          in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
  • Gries, D. and J. Prins (1985). (1985) Gries, D. and J. Prins (1985). "A new notion of encapsulation." Abstract
          in [LIPE 1985] (1985) SIGPLAN Notices 20(07) July 1985 (Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 85 symposium on Language issues in programming environments)
  • Seidewitz, Ed (1987) Seidewitz, Ed "Object-oriented programming in Smalltalk and ADA" pp202-213
          in [OOPSLA 1987] (1987) SIGPLAN Notices 22(12) December 1987 (OOPSLA '87)
  • Seidewitz, Ed (1987) Seidewitz, Ed "Object-Oriented Programming in Smalltalk and Ada" presented at the 1987 Conference on Object-Oriented Programming Systems, Languages and Applications NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771 1987
          in [OOPSLA 1987] (1987) SIGPLAN Notices 22(12) December 1987 (OOPSLA '87)
  • Briot, Jean-Pierre (1988) Briot, Jean-Pierre "From Objects to Actors: Study of a Limited Symbiosis in Smalltalk-80" RXF-LITP research report, No 88-58, LITP, Paris, France, September 1988 ps Extract: Introduction Extract: Review of the Smalltalk­80 Computation Model
          in [OOPSLA 1987] (1987) SIGPLAN Notices 22(12) December 1987 (OOPSLA '87)
  • Bergman, N. (1990) Bergman, N. "Three faces of Smalltalk." pp87-??
          in (1990) Computer Language Magazine 7(4)
  • Suydam, B. (1990) Suydam, B. "Smalltalk as a Programming Environment." pp34-??
          in (1990) Computer Language Magazine 7(4)
  • J. Eliot and B. Moss (1991) J. Eliot and B. Moss "Working with Persistent Objects:To Swizzle or Not to Swizzle"
          in (1991) IEEE Transactions on Computers July 19, 1991
  • Alan C. Kay (1996) Alan C. Kay "THE EARLY HISTORY OF SMALLTALK" in "History of Programming Languages", ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York (1996) ed Bergin and Gibson
          in (1991) IEEE Transactions on Computers July 19, 1991
  • (2002) Library of Congress Subject Headings S59
          in (1991) IEEE Transactions on Computers July 19, 1991
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