H ?
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Language peer sets for JOVIAL:
United States↑
United States/1959↑
Designed 1959 ↑
1950s languages ↑
Second generation↑
Early Cold War↑
Genus Jovials ↑
Multi-purpose ↑
Jovials↑
IAL Coeval↑
Generation of Algol 58/IAL ↑
Jovials/1959↑
IAL Coeval/1959↑
Generation of Algol 58/IAL/1959↑
Jovials/United States↑
IAL Coeval/United States↑
Generation of Algol 58/IAL/United States↑
Multi-purpose ↑
Multi-purpose/1959↑
Multi-purpose/us ↑
JOVIAL(ID:83/jov001)
Airforce International Algebraic Language
alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1959
Published: 1959
Genus: Jovials
Sammet category: Multi-purpose
for Jule's Own Version of IAL.
Based on IAL (ALGOL 58), with extensions for large scale real-time programming.
Had a common shared run-time repository for all programs running on a system (the COMPOOL - for COMMunications POOL), with data elements being items, entries (records) and tables. Modes from MAD.
Extensive use by the US Air Force: most of the software for AWACS is in JOVIAL, running on IBM's AOCP (360 compatible).
Described by Barron as "being like the music of Bach - 200 years behind the times and 200 years ahead of every time" JOVIAL programs have an arcane beauty rivalled by no others. They have a forceful internal logic that transcends most other algorithmic systems.
Places
People:
Hardware:
Structures:
Related languages
CLIP |
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JOVIAL | |
Evolution of |
COMPOOL |
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JOVIAL | |
Incorporated features |
IAL |
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JOVIAL | |
Influence |
MAD |
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JOVIAL | |
Incorporated some features of |
JOVIAL |
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Basic JOVIAL | |
Subset |
JOVIAL |
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CMS-2 | |
Influence |
JOVIAL |
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CORAL | |
Influence |
JOVIAL |
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IPLT-1 | |
Written using |
JOVIAL |
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JOVIAL J2 | |
Evolution of |
JOVIAL |
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JTS | |
Dialect of |
JOVIAL |
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MPL | |
Influence |
JOVIAL |
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SPL | |
Evolution of |
JOVIAL |
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SYMPL | |
Evolution of |
JOVIAL |
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TINT | |
Implementation |
JOVIAL |
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VS BASIC | |
Influence |
References:
Bockhorst, J. and Reynolds, J. (1959) Bockhorst, J. and Reynolds, J. "Introduction to JOVIAL Coding". SDC Report FN-L0-139 Lodi, NJ: System Development Corporation 1959
Schwartz, J. I. (1959) Schwartz, J. I. "JOVIAL - Primer #1" SDC Report FN-L0-154 Lodi, NJ: System Development Corporation 1959
Schwartz, J. I. (1959) Schwartz, J. I. "JOVIAL - Report #2" SDC Report FN-L0-34-1 Lodi, NJ: System Development Corporation 1959
Schwartz, J. I. (1959) Schwartz, J. I. "Preliminary Report on JOVIAL". SDC Report FN-L0-34 Lodi, NJ: System Development Corporation 1959
Bagley, Philip R. (1960) Bagley, Philip R. review of Schwartz, Petersen and Olson 1960 - JOVIAL
Abstract
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Schwartz, J. I. (1960) Schwartz, J. I. "JOVIAL - A Description of the Language" SDC Report FN-L0-34-2 Paramus, NJ: System Development Corporation 1960
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Schwartz, J. I. (1960) Schwartz, J. I. "JOVIAL - Clarifications and Corrections for FN-L0-34-2" SDC Report FN-L0-34-2-51, Paramus, NJ: System Development Corporation 1960
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Schwartz, J. I.; Petersen, K. E.; and Olson, W. J. (1960) Schwartz, J. I.; Petersen, K. E.; and Olson, W. J. "Jovial and its interpreter, a higher level programming language and an interpretive technique for checkout" Paper SP-165 System Development Corp., Santa Monica, Calif., 1960
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Shaw, C.J. (1960) Shaw, C.J. "The Compleat JOVIAL Grammar" SDC Report FN-4178,
Santa Monica, CA: System Development Corporation 1960
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Shaw, C.J. (1960) Shaw, C.J. "The JOVIAL Lexicon: A Brief Semantic Description" SDC Report FN-4178, Santa Monica, CA: System Development Corporation 1960
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Shaw, C.J. (1960) Shaw, C.J. "The JOVIAL manual: Pt. 1 Computers, Programming Languages and JOVIAL" SDC Report TM-555, Santa Monica, CA: System Development Corporation 1960.
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Tjomsland, I.A. (1960) Tjomsland, I.A. "The 709 JOVIAL Compool" SDC Report FN-3836, Paramus, NJ: System Development Corporation 1960.
in [ACM] (1960) ACM Computing Reviews, January-December 1960
Bagley, Philip R. (1961) Bagley, Philip R. (Lexington, Mass.) review of Schwarz, Petersen and Olsen (1960)
Extract:
Review
in (1961) ACM Computing Reviews 2(01) January-February 1961
Bockhorst, J. (1961) Bockhorst, J. "JOVIAL I/O (7090)" SDC Report FN-L0-34-3, Paramus, NJ: System Development Corporation 1961
in (1961) ACM Computing Reviews 2(01) January-February 1961
Sassenfeld, H. (1961) Sassenfeld, H. W Review of Shaw 1961 Datamation 7(6)
Abstract
in (1961) ACM Computing Reviews 2(01) January-February 1961
Shaw, C. J. (1961) Shaw, C. J. "Patterned after ALGOL, SDC's procedure-oriented JOVIAL" pp28-32
in (1961) Datamation 7(06) June 1961
Shaw, C.J. (1961) Shaw, C.J. "A programmer's introduction to basic JOVIAL" SDC Report TM-629, Aug. 1961
in (1961) Datamation 7(06) June 1961
Shaw, C.J. (1961) Shaw, C.J. "A programmer's look at JOVIAL, in an ALGOL perspective" pp46-50
Abstract
Abstract
Extract:
Alphabet and Vocabulary
Extract:
Comments
Extract:
Clauses
Extract:
Switches
Extract:
Procedures
Extract:
Input/output and files
Extract:
Programs
Extract:
Evaluation
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Shaw, C.J. (1961) Shaw, C.J. "The JOVIAL manual: Pt. 1 The JOVIAL primer" SDC Report TM-555/001/00, Dec. 1961
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Shaw, C.J. (1961) Shaw, C.J. "The JOVIAL manual: Pt. 2 The JOVIAL grammar and lexicon" SDC Report TM-555/002/ 01 June 1961
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Spierer, M. (1961) Spierer, M. "The 7090-JOVIAL-to-7090 compiler system" SDC Report FN-LO-503, July 1961
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Weik, Martin H. (1961) Weik, Martin H. "A Third Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems" Rpt 1115, BRL, Maryland, 1961
Online copy at Computer History Museum
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Wilkerson, M (1961) Wilkerson, M "7090 JOVIAL compiler and checker user's manual" SDC Report FN-LO-501, Apr. 1961
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Wilkerson, M. (1961) Wilkerson, M. "JOVIAL User's Manual: JOVIAL Language Specifications for 7090 and MC Compilers" SDC Report FN-L0-34-3, Paramus, NJ: System Development Corporation 1961.
in (1961) Datamation 7(10) Oct 1961
Wilkerson, M. (1961) Wilkerson, M. "The JOVIAL checker, an automatic checkout system for higher level language programs" pp397-404
in [JCC 19] (1961) [JCC 19] Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, May 1961
Clark, E. (1962) Clark, E. "1604 JOVIAL compiler, program description of the translator pass 1" SDC Report TM-555/302/00, June 1962
in [JCC 19] (1961) [JCC 19] Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, May 1961
Clark, E. (1962) Clark, E. "Phase 1 of the Philco 2000 JOVIAL translator" SDC Report TM-555/211/00, Aug. 1962
in [JCC 19] (1961) [JCC 19] Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, May 1961
Clark, E. (1962) Clark, E. "Phase 2 of the Philco 2000 JOVIAL translator" SDC Report TM-555/212/00, Aug. 1962
in [JCC 19] (1961) [JCC 19] Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference, May 1961
Dismake, N. (1962) Dismake, N. M. review of Shaw 1961 (Datamation)
Abstract
in (1962) ACM Computing Reviews 3(03) May-June 1962
Goss, R. (1962) Goss, R. review of Wilkerson 1961 (WJCC paper)
Abstract
in (1962) ACM Computing Reviews 3(04) July-August 1962
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Available subroutines for JOVIAL on the 7090 computer"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Error messages of the 7090 JOVIAL compiler"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Operation of the JOVIAL compiler on the 7090 computer"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Reporting and responding to problems with the 7090 JOVIAL compiler"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Techniques of input-output for JOVIAL on the 7090 computer"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "The communication pool for the 7090 JOVIAL compiler"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "The JOVIAL language for the 7090 computer"
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Jacoby, L. (1962) Jacoby, L. "1604 JOVIAL compiler, JOVIAL programming guide" SDC Report TM-WD-555/301/00, Oct. 1962
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Kennedy, P. (1962) Kennedy, P. "A simplified approach to JOVIAL" SDC Report TM 780/000/00, Sept. 1962
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Perstein, M. E,; Clark, E., and Hayes, E. (1962) Perstein, M. E,; Clark, E., and Hayes, E. "Implementation of JOVIAL in SSRL" SDC Report TM-555/200/00 Dec. 1961
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Perstein, M. H. (1962) Perstein, M. H. "JOVIAL for the dilettante" SDC Report TM- 555/061/00, Oct. 1962
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Rizzo, M. (1962) Rizzo, M. "Critique of the JOVIAL User's Manual FN-L0-34-3", SDC (internal use only) Report N-L0-2109/000/00 Paramus, NJ: System Development Corporation 1962
in Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . (1962) Howell, H. L., Isbitz, H., and Schwartz, J . I . "Documentation of the JOVIAL language and compiler for the IBM 7090 computer" SDC Report FN-6223 & supplements Jan. 1962.
Roam, R. (1962) Roam, R. F. review of Shaw, C.J. SDC Report TM-555
Abstract
in (1962) ACM Computing Reviews 3(01) March-April 1962
Schwartz, J. I. (1962) Schwartz, J. I. "JOVIAL: A General Algorithmic Language" pp481-493
in (1962) Symbolic Languages in Data Processing, in the Proceedings of the Symposium organized and edited by the International Computation Centre, Rome, Italy, March 2631, 1962, Gordon and Beech Science Publishers, 1962.
Steel, T. B. Jr. (1962) Steel, T. B. Jr. "Languages and real time information processing"
in (1962) Automatic programming and compilers III
Shaw Christopher J. (1963) Shaw Christopher J. "A specification of JOVIAL"
in [ACM] (1963) [ACM] CACM 6(12) (Dec 1963)
Shaw, Christopher J. (1963) Shaw, Christopher J. "Jovial and its documentation"
in [ACM] (1963) [ACM] CACM 6(03) (Mar 1963)
Shaw, Christopher J. (1963) Shaw, Christopher J. "Jovial. A Programming Language For Real-Time Command Systems" pp53-120
in Goodman (ed) (1963) Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming" (3) 1963 Pergamon Press, Oxford
Bachelor, C. (1964) Bachelor, C. A. review of Shaw 1963
Abstract
in (1964) ACM Computing Reviews 5(05) September-October 1964
Leavenworth, B. (1964) Leavenworth, B. Review of Shaw 1963 (JOVIAL)
Abstract
in (1964) ACM Computing Reviews 5(01) January-February 1964
Marsh, D. G. (1964) Marsh, D. G. "Jovial In Class" pp167-182
in Goodman, Richard (ed) (1964) Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming" (4) 1964 Pergamon Press, Oxford
Rosen, Saul (1964) Rosen, Saul "Programming Systems and Languages: a historical Survey" (reprinted in Rosen, Saul (ed) Programming Systems & Languages. McGraw Hill, New York, 1967)
in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
(1964) Rosen, Saul Review of Shaw 1963 ARIAP p87
Abstract
in (1964) ACM Computing Reviews 5(02) March-April 1964
Schwartz, Jules I.; Coleman, Edward G.; and Weissm (1964) Schwartz, Jules I.; Coleman, Edward G.; and Weissman, Clark "A general-purpose time-sharing system" pp397-411
Extract:
Time-Sharing Applications
Extract:
On-Line Program Composition
Extract:
On-Line Program Debugging
Extract:
Error Detection
Extract:
Error location
Extract:
Error correction
in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
Shaw, C. J. (1964) Shaw, C. J. "A comparative evaluation of JOVIAL and FORTRAN IV" Automatic Programming Inf., No. 22. Technical College,
Brighton, England, Aug. 1964, 15 pp. CR-6562-7265.
Abstract
in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
Weik, Martin H. (1964) Weik, Martin H. "A Fourth Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems" Report No. 1227, January 1964 Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
Online copy at Computer History Museum
in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
Goldstein (1965) Goldstein, M. "Computer Languages" The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 72, No. 2, Part 2: Computers and Computing Feb., 1965 pp141-146
Extract:
Languages scene
in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
Ingerman, Peter Z. (1965) Ingerman, Peter Z. review of Marsh 1964 (Jovial)
Abstract
in (1965) ACM Computing Reviews 6(04) July-August 1965
Sammet, Jean E., (1967) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1967"
in (1967) Computers & Automation 16(6) June 1967
Feldman, Jerome and Gries, David (1968) Feldman, Jerome and Gries, David "Translator writing systems" p77-113
Abstract
Extract:
Extendible Compilers -- Basic Concepts
in [ACM] (1968) [ACM] CACM 11(02) (February 1968)
Perstein, M.H. (1968) Perstein, M.H. "Grammar and Lexicon for Basic JOVIAL" SDC Report TM-555/05/01A, Santa Monica, CA: System Development Corporation 1968
in [ACM] (1968) [ACM] CACM 11(02) (February 1968)
Sammet, Jean E. (1969) Sammet, Jean E. "Computer Languages - Principles and History"
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall 1969.
Extract:
Development of JOVIAL
Extract:
Technical details of JOVIAL
Extract:
Impact of JOVIAL
in [ACM] (1968) [ACM] CACM 11(02) (February 1968)
Schwartz, J. I. (1969) Schwartz, J. I. "ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT PROTOTYPE SYSTEM Final Report (Part 1) to the Director, Advanced Research Projects Agency for the period 30 July 1968 to 30 January 1969" SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
2500 COLORADO AVE. SANTA MONICA CALIFORNIA 90406
in [ACM] (1968) [ACM] CACM 11(02) (February 1968)
Stock (1971) Stock, Karl F. "A listing of some programming languages and their users" in RZ-Informationen. Graz: Rechenzentrum Graz 1971 131
Abstract
in [ACM] (1968) [ACM] CACM 11(02) (February 1968)
Rosen, S. (1972) Rosen, S. "Programming Systems and Languages 1965-1975"
Abstract
DOI
in [ACM] (1972) [ACM] CACM 15(07) (July 1972)
Sammet (1972) Sammet, Jean E., "Roster of Programming Languages 1972" 141
in (1972) Computers & Automation 21(6B), 30 Aug 1972
Sammet, Jean E. (1973) Sammet, Jean E. "Roster of Programming Languages for 1973" p147
in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
Stock and Stock (1973) Stock, Marylene and Stock, Karl F. "Bibliography of Programming Languages: Books, User Manuals and Articles from PLANKALKUL to PL/I" Verlag Dokumentation, Pullach/Munchen 1973 311
Abstract
in (1974) ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974
Cheatham T. E. (1978) Cheatham T. E. "A brief description of JOVIAL"
Abstract
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Sammet, Jean E (1978) Sammet, Jean E "Roster of programming languages for 1976-77" pp56-85
in [SIGPLAN] (1978) SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978
Schwartz, Jules I. (1978) Schwartz, Jules I. "The development of JOVIAL"
Abstract
Extract:
Beginnings
Extract:
Origins
Extract:
The Technical Base for JOVIAL
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Gnugnoli, G. (1981) Gnugnoli, G. review of Shaw et al SPE 1981 in ACM Computing Reviews June 1981
Abstract
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Shaw, Mary; Almes, Guy T.; Newcomer, Joseph M.; Re (1981) Shaw, Mary; Almes, Guy T.; Newcomer, Joseph M.; Reid, Brian K.; and Wulf, W. A. "A comparison of programming languages for software engineering" Software Practice and Experience 11(01) January 1981 pp1-52
in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
Allen, F. (1982) Allen, F. and Schwartz, J. review of Sammet and Lee HOPL conference end banquet excerpts
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Dorn, P. (1982) Dorn, P. H. review of Schwartz, 1982
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Steel, T. (1982) Steel, T. B. review of Wexelblat 1982
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Van Deusen, M. (1982) Van Deusen, M. review of Wexelblat 1982
Abstract
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Gifford, S :Summary of The Development of JOVIAL (1995) Gifford, S :Summary of The Development of JOVIAL"
Extract:
Summary of presentation
Extract:
Summary
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
Bellec, Jean (2001) Bellec, Jean "from GECOS to GCOS8 an history of Large Systems in GE, Honeywell, NEC and Bull - a view by Jean Bellec (FEB), from the other side of the Atlantic:" July 2001
online
in (1982) ACM Computing Reviews March 1982
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