| MacAims | ⊕ 1968 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Specialised Languages | RDBMs | ⊕ United States | Set-based data retrieval language |
| Query by Example | ⊕ 1969 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | RDBMs | ⊕ United States | Database Query language |
| SDDL | ⊕ 1969 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | RDBMs | ⊕ United States | Stored-Data Definition Language |
| SEQUEL | ⊕ 1973 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | RDBMs | ⊕ United States | Limited expression language for data querying |