H ? « ‹ ← → › »

Language peer sets for PACT I:
United States↑
United States/1955↑
Designed 1955 ↑
1950s languages ↑
Second generation↑
Early Cold War↑
Genus Low-level Autocoders ↑
Numerical Scientific ↑
Low-level Autocoders↑
Autocoders↑
US historic algorithmic systems ↑
Low-level Autocoders/1955↑
Autocoders/1955↑
US historic algorithmic systems/1955↑
Low-level Autocoders/United States↑
Autocoders/United States↑
US historic algorithmic systems/United States↑
Numerical Scientific ↑
Numerical Scientific/1955↑
Numerical Scientific/us ↑

PACT I(ID:103/pac005)

Translator for SHARE IBMs 

alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1955
Genus: Low-level Autocoders
Sammet category: Numerical Scientific

for Project for the Advancement of Coding Technique (but it was also a pact)

Co-operative endeavour for a translating compiler between Douglas Aircraft, IBM, North American Aviation, Ramo-Wooldridge, and The RAND Corporation, hence first ever language designed by a Committee

Released (June 1955) by the time the computer became obsolete, so replaced by PACT Ia (which had a new theoretical basis as well)

from Fred Gruenberger "History of Computing in the Southern California Area" Annals of the History of Computing:
"Late in 1954 an event occurred that was to have national significance. A group of 701 users in the Southern California area decided, at the suggestion of Frank Wagner and Jack Strong, based on the success of the DCA, that (1) a better coding system  for the 701 was needed, and (2) no single installation could produce it alone. The group formed into an  informal organization called PACT (Project for the  Advancement of Coding Techniques) and proceeded  to produce PACT I, a compiler. PACT-IA for the 704 followed later. A complete account of the PACT  efforts can be found in the October 1956 Journal of the Association for Computing Machincy. The point about PACT was the cooperative effort; a direct result of this effort was the formation of SHARE, the first of the user groups. From SHARE, we have proceeded  to GUIDE, DUO, USE, and so on. "

Places
People:

Hardware:
Related languages
A-2 → PACT I   Moderate Influence
Comprehensive → PACT I   Dissatisfaction Moderate Influence
FORTRAN → PACT I   Moderate Influence
MIDAC Input Translation Program → PACT I   Dissatisfaction Moderate Influence
PACT I → PACT IA   Evolution of
PACT I → SAP   Influence
References:
  • Anderson, F. (1955) Anderson, F. R.; Bacon, R. P.; Baker, C. L.; Derr, J., Jr.; Greenwald, I.; Hempstead, G.; Littlejohn, T.; Luke, R. C.; Martin, H. G.; McLean, William B.; Melahn, W. S.; Mock, O. R.; Oldfield, B. G.; Schwartz, J. I.; Selfridge, R. G.; Shenk, John H.; Tillitt, H. E. PACT primer and PACT manual -- Project for the Advancement of Coding Techniques. U. S. Naval Ordnanee Test Station, China Lake, California, 28 Oct. 1955
  • Producing Computer Instructions for the PACT I Com (1955) Producing Computer Instructions for the PACT I Complier. December 1955. U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station
  • Baker, Charles L. (1956) Baker, Charles L. "The PACT I coding system, for the IBM Type 701"
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Derr, J. I. and R. C. Luke. (1956) Derr, J. I. and R. C. Luke. "Semi-automatic allocation of data storage for PACT I" Extract: Conclusion Extract: Introduction Extract: General Discussion of Storage Assignment Extract: Description of Variable Storage Allocation Extract: Constraints on Variable Assignment Extract: details
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Greenwald, I. D. and H. G. Martin. (1956) Greenwald, I. D. and H. G. Martin. "Conclusions after using the PACT I advanced coding technique"
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Hempstead, Gus and Jules I. Schwartz. (1956) Hempstead, Gus and Jules I. Schwartz. "PACT loop expansion"
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Melahn. Wesley S. (1956) Melahn. Wesley S. "A description of a cooperative venture in the production of an automatic coding system"
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Miller, Jr. Robert C. and Bruce G. Oldfield. (1956) Miller, Jr. Robert C. and Bruce G. Oldfield. "Producing computer instructions for the PACT I compiler"
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Mock, Owen R. (1956) Mock, Owen R. "Logical organization of the PACT I compiler"
          in [ACM] (1956) [ACM] JACM 3(4) (Oct 1956)
  • Bemer (1957) Bemer, R. W. "The Status of Automatic Programming for Scientific Problems" Abstract Extract: Summary Extract: IT, FORTRANSIT, SAP, SOAP, SOHIO
          in [Armour] (1957) "Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Computer Applications Symposium" , Armour Research Foundation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 1957
  • Bemer (1958) [Bemer, RW] [State of ACM automatic coding library August 1958]
          in [Armour] (1957) "Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Computer Applications Symposium" , Armour Research Foundation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 1957
  • [Bemer] (1959) [Bemer, RW] [State of ACM automatic coding library May 1959] Extract: Obiter Dicta
          in [ACM] (1959) [ACM] CACM 2(05) May 1959
  • Carr (1959) Carr, John W III; "Computer Programming" volume 2, chapter 2, pp115-121
          in Crabbe et al (1957) E. M. Crabbe, S. Ramo, and D. E. Wooldridge (eds.) "Handbook of Automation, Computation, and Control," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1959.
  • Sammet, Jean E (1961) Sammet, Jean E "1960 Tower of Babel" diagram on the front of CACM January 1961 Picture: Cover of ACM Communications December 1961
          in [ACM] (1961) [ACM] CACM 4(01) (Jan 1961)
  • Bemer, R (1962) Bemer, R "ISO TC97/SC5/WGA(1) Survey of Programming Languages and Processors" December 1962
          in [ACM] (1963) [ACM] CACM 6(03) (Mar 1963)
  • Rosen, Saul (1964) Rosen, Saul "Programming Systems and Languages: a historical Survey" (reprinted in Rosen, Saul (ed) Programming Systems & Languages. McGraw Hill, New York, 1967) Extract: PACT systems
          in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
  • Sammet, Jean E., (1972) Sammet, Jean E., "Programming languages: history and future"
          in [ACM] (1972) [ACM] CACM 15(06) (June 1972)
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