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Language peer sets for FLOW-MATIC:
United States↑
United States/1957↑
Designed 1957 ↑
1950s languages ↑
Second generation↑
Early Cold War↑
Genus COBOL coeval ↑
Business Data Processing ↑
COBOL coeval↑
COBOLs↑
Data processing ↑
COBOL coeval/1957↑
COBOLs/1957↑
Data processing/1957↑
COBOL coeval/United States↑
COBOLs/United States↑
Data processing/United States↑
Business Data Processing ↑
Business Data Processing/1957↑
Business Data Processing/us ↑

FLOW-MATIC(ID:27/flo013)

Release name for B-0, Possibly the first English-like DP language 

alternate simple view
Country: United States
Designed 1957
Published: 1957
Genus: COBOL coeval
Sammet category: Business Data Processing

So-called because it eased workflow recording

(originally B-0). Remington Rand, 1957.
Possibly the first English-like DP language.

Provided part-basis for COBOL:
     Permitted English-like names for variables
     Begin each statement with an English verb.
     Enabled separation of data from procedure

Hardware:
Structures:
Related languages
Procedure Translator → FLOW-MATIC   Renaming
X-1 → FLOW-MATIC   Target language for
FLOW-MATIC → COBOL   Evolution of
FLOW-MATIC → FACT   Influence
FLOW-MATIC → SHARE Information Algebra   Influence
References:
  • Hopper (1957) Hopper, Grace M. "Automatic Programming for Business Applications" Abstract
          in [Armour] (1957) "Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Computer Applications Symposium" , Armour Research Foundation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 1957
  • [Bemer] (1958) [Bemer, RW] [Addendum to the Automatic Programming Systems Chart of 1(4)] June 1958
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(06) (June 1958)
  • Bemer (1958) [Bemer, RW] [State of ACM automatic coding library August 1958]
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(06) (June 1958)
  • Bemer, R (1958) Bemer, R "Techniques Department" - Translation to another language rather than compiling
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(07) July 1958
  • FLOW-MATIC Input Tape. (1958) FLOW-MATIC Input Tape. Remington-Rand Univac Publication U-l 163.536 1958
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(07) July 1958
  • FLOW-MATIC Programming (Univac I and II). (1958) FLOW-MATIC Programming (Univac I and II). Remington-Rand Univac Publication U.1518. 1958
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(07) July 1958
  • Asch, Alfred. (1959) Asch, Alfred. 1959 July 29. Minutes of Committee Meeting on Data Systems Languages Held at Bureau of Standards, June 23-24. (Cited in Sammet 1978) Extract: Languages examined by CODASYL
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(07) July 1958
  • FLOW-MATIC Operating Statements (Univac Solid-Sta (1959) FLOW-MATIC Operating Statements (Univac Solid-State 90). Remington- Rand Univac Publication U-1984.1 1959
          in [ACM] (1958) [ACM] CACM 1(07) July 1958
  • Hopper, Grace (1959) Hopper, Grace "Automatic programming: present status and future trends"
          in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation (1958) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Teddington, Middlesex, England: The National Physical Laboratory, November 1958
  • Locks (1959) Locks, Mitchell O. "Automatic Programming for Automatic Computers" Journal of the American Statistical Association, 549(288) Dec 1959 pp744-754 Extract: SOAP, RECO, X1 Extract: MATHMATIC, FORTRAN and UNICODE Extract: FLOW-MATIC and REPORT GENERATOR Extract: FLOW-MATIC
          in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation (1958) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Teddington, Middlesex, England: The National Physical Laboratory, November 1958
  • Programmer's Guide for Preparation of Library Rout (1959) Programmer's Guide for Preparation of Library Routines. Remington-Rand Univac Publication U-l 163.537 July 1959
          in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation (1958) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Teddington, Middlesex, England: The National Physical Laboratory, November 1958
  • B2 FLOW-MATIC: Programming (Univac II). (1960) B2 FLOW-MATIC: Programming (Univac II). Preliminary Users' Manual to accompany COBOL Manual. (Second Edition, September 1960)
          in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation (1958) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Teddington, Middlesex, England: The National Physical Laboratory, November 1958
  • FLOW-MATIC Data Design (Univac Solid-State 90). (1960) FLOW-MATIC Data Design (Univac Solid-State 90). Remington-Rand Publication U-1984.5 (1960)
          in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation (1958) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Teddington, Middlesex, England: The National Physical Laboratory, November 1958
  • Martin et al (1960) Martin, E. Wayne Jr.; Hall, Dale J. "Data Processing: Automation in Calculation" Review of Educational Research, Vol. 30, No. 5, The Methodology of Educational Research (Dec., 1960), 522-535. Abstract Extract: Compiler Systems
          in Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation (1958) Proceedings of the Symposium on the Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Teddington, Middlesex, England: The National Physical Laboratory, November 1958
  • Taylor (1960) Taylor, A., "The FLOW-MATIC and MATH-MATIC Automatic Programming Systems"
          in Goodman (ed) (1960) Goodman, Richard (ed) "Annual Review in Automatic Programming "(1) 1960 Pergamon Press, Oxford
  • Blum, E. (1961) Blum, E. K. review of Goodman 1960 Abstract
          in (1961) ACM Computing Reviews 2(03) May-June 1961
  • Sammet, Jean E (1961) Sammet, Jean E "1960 Tower of Babel" diagram on the front of CACM January 1961 Picture: Cover of ACM Communications December 1961
          in [ACM] (1961) [ACM] CACM 4(01) (Jan 1961)
  • Willey et al (1961) Willey, E.L.; d'Agapeyeff, A.; Marion Tribe, B.J. Gibbens, Michelle Clark, "Some commercial Autocodes -- A comparative study", A.P.I.C. Studies in Data Processing #1, Academic Press, London, 1961, pp. 53.
          in [ACM] (1961) [ACM] CACM 4(01) (Jan 1961)
  • d'Agapeyeff, Alex (1962) d'Agapeyeff, Alex "An introduction to Commercial Compilers" Extract: Introduction Extract: The Main Requirements of a Commercial Compiler Extract: Flowmatic
          in Wegner, Peter (ed.) (1964) Wegner, Peter (ed.) "An Introduction to Systems Programming" proceedings of a Symposium held at the LSE 1962 (APIC Series No 2)
  • McGee, William C. (1962) McGee, William C. "The property classification method of file design and processing" pp450-458 Abstract
          in [ACM] (1962) [ACM] CACM 5(08) August 1962
  • Rosen, Saul (1964) Rosen, Saul "Programming Systems and Languages: a historical Survey" (reprinted in Rosen, Saul (ed) Programming Systems & Languages. McGraw Hill, New York, 1967) Extract: FLOWMATIC
          in [AFIPS JCC 25] (1964) [AFIPS JCC 25] Proceedings of the 1964 Spring Joint Computer Conference SJCC 1964
  • Bemer, Robert W. (1968) Bemer, Robert W. "The PL/I Family Tree" Extract: Introduction Extract: Definition and Maintenance Extract: Introduction
          in (1968) PL/I Bulletin, Issue 6, March 1968
  • Sammet, Jean E. (1969) Sammet, Jean E. "Computer Languages - Principles and History" Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall 1969. pp.316-324.
          in (1968) PL/I Bulletin, Issue 6, March 1968
  • Sammet, Jean E., (1972) Sammet, Jean E., "Programming languages: history and future"
          in [ACM] (1972) [ACM] CACM 15(06) (June 1972)
  • Sammet, Jean E. (1978) Sammet, Jean E. "The early history of COBOL" Abstract
          in [HOPL I] (1979) SIGPLAN Notices 14(04) April 1979 including The first ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL) Los Angeles, CA, June 1-3, 1978
  • Sammet, Jean E. (1992) Sammet, Jean E. "Farewell to Grace HopperEnd of an Era!" Extract: Cobol
          in [ACM] (1992) [ACM] CACM 35(04) (April 1992)
  • Denise Gürer (1998) Denise Gürer "Amazing Grace – Computer Pioneer, Technologist, Teacher, and Visionary" online article Abstract
          in [ACM] (1992) [ACM] CACM 35(04) (April 1992)
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