| BBN data management system | ⊕ 1965 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | |
| EXTRACT | ⊕ 1965 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Querying language |
| UL/1 | ⊕ 1965 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Early non-procedural query language |