KARL(ID:4189/kar003)

for Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language

Fensel, University of Karlsruhe, 1993.

Executable knowledge modelling language


Related languages
KARL => NewKARL   Evolution of
References:
  • Fensel, D.; Angele, J.; and Landes, D. "KARL: A Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language" view details
          in Proceedings of Expert Systems and their Applications, 11th International Workshop, Conference Tools, Techniques & Methods , May 27-31, Avignon, 1991. view details
  • Angele, J. "Cover and Differentiate Remodeled in KARL" view details
          in Proceedings of the 2nd Japanese Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (JKAW´1992), Hatoyama, Japan, November 9-13, 1992 view details
  • Angele, J. "Operationalization of a Model of Expertise with KARL", Ph.D. thesis, University of Karlsruhe, 1993 view details
          in Proceedings of the 2nd Japanese Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (JKAW´1992), Hatoyama, Japan, November 9-13, 1992 view details
  • Fensel, D. The Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language KARL, Ph. D. thesis, University of Karlsruhe, 1993 view details
          in Proceedings of the 2nd Japanese Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop (JKAW´1992), Hatoyama, Japan, November 9-13, 1992 view details
  • Fensel, D.; Angele, J.; Landes, D. and Studer, R. "Giving Structured Analysis Techniques a Formal and Operational Semantics with KARL" view details
          in Züllighoven, H. et al (eds.), Requirements Engineering ´93: Prototyping, German Chapter of the ACM Berichte, no 41, Teubner Verlag, Stuttgart, 1993 view details
  • Angele, J.; Fensel, D. and Studer, R. "The Model of Expertise in KARL" view details
          in Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Expert Systems, Lisbon/Estoril, Portugal, January 10-14, 1994 view details
  • Fensel, Dieter and van Harmelen, Frank "A Comparison of Languages which Operationalise and Formalise KADS Models of Expertise" The Knowledge Engineering Review, 9(2), 1994. view details Abstract: In the field of Knowledge Engineering, dissatisfaction with  the rapid-prototyping approach has led to a number of more principled  methodologies for the construction of knowledgebased systems. Instead of  immediately implementing the gathered and interpreted knowledge in a  given implementation formalism according to the rapid-prototyping  approach, many such methodologies centre around the notion of a  conceptual model: an abstract, implementation independent description of  the relevant problem solving expertise. A conceptual model should  describe the task which is solved by the system and the knowledge which  is required by it. Although such conceptual models have often been  formulated in an informal way, recent years have seen the advent of  formal and operational languages to describe such conceptual models more  precisely, and operationally as a means for model evaluation. In this  paper, we study a number of such formal and operational languages for  specifying conceptual models. In order to enable a meaningful comparison  of such languages, we focus on languages which are all aimed at the same  underlying conceptual model, namely that from the KADS method for  building KBS. We describe eight formal languages for KADS models of  expertise, and compare these languages with respect to their modelling  primitives, their semantics, their implementations and their  applications. Future research issues in the area of formal and  operational specification languages for KBS are identified as the result  of studying these languages. The paper also contains an extensive  bibliography of research in this area.


    External link: Online copy Extract: FORKADS
    FORKADS has been developed at the IBM Germany Scientific Center in Heidelberg. It was one of the first published approaches to formal KADS models.
    Contrary to the languages described so far, FORKADS aims not only at operationalizing KADS models, but also at giving formal foundations to KADS models. Furthermore, the aim is to use this language as a (or perhaps even the only) communication medium between the people responsible for knowledge acquisition and those responsible for system design. For this purpose, the main foundation of FORKADS is a first-order logical language which is extended with notions of concept heterarchies and procedural attachment. In many respects FORKADS is rooted in the LLILOG language Extract: (ML)2
    (ML)2  is a language for formalizing KADS models of expertise. It was developed in the course of the ESPRIT Projects "REFLECT" and "KADS-II" and a bilateral research project of the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN and the University of Amsterdam. Although a subset of (ML)2 can be operationalized to
    allow explorative prototyping it is mainly introduced as a formalization language.
          in Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress on Expert Systems, Lisbon/Estoril, Portugal, January 10-14, 1994 view details