| COPAS | ⊕ 1981 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ On-Line | ⊕ Pascals | ⊕ United Kingdom | Conversational Pascal |
| FOCAL-81 | ⊕ 1981 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ On-Line | ⊕ Generation of JOSS I | ⊕ United States | 1981 version of FOCAL |
| ROBART 1 | ⊕ 1981 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ On-Line | ⊕ CAI languages | ⊕ United States | Dialogue grammar based on BNF |