TUTOR(ID:788/tut001)Scripting for CAIScripting language on PLATO CAI systems from CDC. PLATO = Program Logic for Automatic Teaching Operation version 1 experimental on the ILLIAC IV version 2 permitted several users on ILLIAC IV version 3 true time sharing, ported to the IBM 1604 and introducing a host of features suggested by trials Hardware:
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References: in Programmed Learning and Computer-based Instruction, ed. by Coulson, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1962 view details No mention is made of principles underlying the presentation of a subject, or of the connection between this particular system and concepts developed in the last three decades by such pioneers as Pressey, Crowder and Skinner. One could also complain of the absence of any comparative analysis of actual results but this is probably due to the short time during which the system has been in operation. in ACM Computing Reviews 3(05) September-October 1962 view details Many improvements and changes are contemplated for a Plato III program based on student recommendations and observations of their behavior. The additions under consideration for Plato III are supplementary material for clarification of various points, capability of complex judging functions, error-detecting supplementary routines, computer monitoring of student's performance. The authors attempted to justify their major theses that a large-scale general-purpose computer-based system has the capability necessary for sophisticated teaching techniques, and that computer-based teaching systems are economically feasible for large numbers of students. The material presented is straightforward, well-organized and realistically modest in view of the experimental status of concurrent "student-questions machine-response" control systems. in ACM Computing Reviews 4(03) May-June 1963 view details in ACM Computing Reviews 4(03) May-June 1963 view details in Sass, M. and W. Wilkinson, eds. Computer Augmentation of Human Reasoning Spartan Books, Washington, D.C., 1965 view details in Sass, M. and W. Wilkinson, eds. Computer Augmentation of Human Reasoning Spartan Books, Washington, D.C., 1965 view details in Sass, M. and W. Wilkinson, eds. Computer Augmentation of Human Reasoning Spartan Books, Washington, D.C., 1965 view details in Sass, M. and W. Wilkinson, eds. Computer Augmentation of Human Reasoning Spartan Books, Washington, D.C., 1965 view details in Proceedings of the National Electronics Conference, Dec. 9-11, 1968, Chicago, IL, view details in Proceedings of the National Electronics Conference, Dec. 9-11, 1968, Chicago, IL, view details in Proceedings of the National Electronics Conference, Dec. 9-11, 1968, Chicago, IL, view details in Proceedings of the IEEE 59(6) 1971 view details in Proceedings of the IEEE 59(6) 1971 view details [321 programming languages with indication of the computer manufacturers, on whose machinery the appropriate languages are used to know. Register of the 74 computer companies; Sequence of the programming languages after the number of manufacturing firms, on whose plants the language is implemented; Sequence of the manufacturing firms after the number of used programming languages.] in Proceedings of the IEEE 59(6) 1971 view details A language for preparing computer-assisted instruction courses to nun under the Univ. Illinois PLATO System. in ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974 view details The exact number of all the programming languages still in use, and those which are no longer used, is unknown. Zemanek calls the abundance of programming languages and their many dialects a "language Babel". When a new programming language is developed, only its name is known at first and it takes a while before publications about it appear. For some languages, the only relevant literature stays inside the individual companies; some are reported on in papers and magazines; and only a few, such as ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, and PL/1, become known to a wider public through various text- and handbooks. The situation surrounding the application of these languages in many computer centers is a similar one. There are differing opinions on the concept "programming languages". What is called a programming language by some may be termed a program, a processor, or a generator by others. Since there are no sharp borderlines in the field of programming languages, works were considered here which deal with machine languages, assemblers, autocoders, syntax and compilers, processors and generators, as well as with general higher programming languages. The bibliography contains some 2,700 titles of books, magazines and essays for around 300 programming languages. However, as shown by the "Overview of Existing Programming Languages", there are more than 300 such languages. The "Overview" lists a total of 676 programming languages, but this is certainly incomplete. One author ' has already announced the "next 700 programming languages"; it is to be hoped the many users may be spared such a great variety for reasons of compatibility. The graphic representations (illustrations 1 & 2) show the development and proportion of the most widely-used programming languages, as measured by the number of publications listed here and by the number of computer manufacturers and software firms who have implemented the language in question. The illustrations show FORTRAN to be in the lead at the present time. PL/1 is advancing rapidly, although PL/1 compilers are not yet seen very often outside of IBM. Some experts believe PL/1 will replace even the widely-used languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL, and ALGOL.4) If this does occur, it will surely take some time - as shown by the chronological diagram (illustration 2) . It would be desirable from the user's point of view to reduce this language confusion down to the most advantageous languages. Those languages still maintained should incorporate the special facets and advantages of the otherwise superfluous languages. Obviously such demands are not in the interests of computer production firms, especially when one considers that a FORTRAN program can be executed on nearly all third-generation computers. The titles in this bibliography are organized alphabetically according to programming language, and within a language chronologically and again alphabetically within a given year. Preceding the first programming language in the alphabet, literature is listed on several languages, as are general papers on programming languages and on the theory of formal languages (AAA). As far as possible, the most of titles are based on autopsy. However, the bibliographical description of sone titles will not satisfy bibliography-documentation demands, since they are based on inaccurate information in various sources. Translation titles whose original titles could not be found through bibliographical research were not included. ' In view of the fact that nany libraries do not have the quoted papers, all magazine essays should have been listed with the volume, the year, issue number and the complete number of pages (e.g. pp. 721-783), so that interlibrary loans could take place with fast reader service. Unfortunately, these data were not always found. It is hoped that this bibliography will help the electronic data processing expert, and those who wish to select the appropriate programming language from the many available, to find a way through the language Babel. We wish to offer special thanks to Mr. Klaus G. Saur and the staff of Verlag Dokumentation for their publishing work. Graz / Austria, May, 1973 in ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974 view details in ACM Computing Reviews 15(04) April 1974 view details in Seventh Australian Computer Conference, Vol. 4, Australian Computer Society; Inc. 1976 view details in Seventh Australian Computer Conference, Vol. 4, Australian Computer Society; Inc. 1976 view details in SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978 view details in [ACM] CACM 25(07) July 1982 view details in [ACM] CACM 25(07) July 1982 view details in [ACM] CACM 25(07) July 1982 view details in [ACM] CACM 25(07) July 1982 view details in Steele, J. and J. G. Hedberg (eds), Designing for Learning in Industry and Education, Proceedings of EdTech'88. Canberra: AJET Publications view details in Steele, J. and J. G. Hedberg (eds), Designing for Learning in Industry and Education, Proceedings of EdTech'88. Canberra: AJET Publications view details |