| AS-IST | ⊕ 1968 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | |
| CARPS | ⊕ 1968 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Experimental and other | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Word-problems language |
| EASY ENGLISH | ⊕ 1968 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United States | Information retrieval language |
| SPECOL | ⊕ 1968 | ↓ ↑ ⊕ Business Data Processing | ⊕ Ad hoc query languages | ⊕ United Kingdom | Querying language |