SAS(ID:733/sas001)Statistical Analysis SystemStatistical Analysis System. Statistical and matrix language, PL/I-like syntax. J. H. Goodnight, Institute of Statistics, North Carolina State University at Raleigh (Statistical Analysis System) started as a statistical language and has changed a great deal over the years. It now offers solutions for data wharehousing, data mining, data visualization, application development, along with originally stat formats. Now works on a wide range of servers and platforms from Windows NT to UNIX. SAS can be found from the census bureau to the IRS and postal service, and Universities and Colleges around the world. Structures: Related languages
References: [321 programming languages with indication of the computer manufacturers, on whose machinery the appropriate languages are used to know. Register of the 74 computer companies; Sequence of the programming languages after the number of manufacturing firms, on whose plants the language is implemented; Sequence of the manufacturing firms after the number of used programming languages.] in [ACM] ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 4(2) June 1972 view details The exact number of all the programming languages still in use, and those which are no longer used, is unknown. Zemanek calls the abundance of programming languages and their many dialects a "language Babel". When a new programming language is developed, only its name is known at first and it takes a while before publications about it appear. For some languages, the only relevant literature stays inside the individual companies; some are reported on in papers and magazines; and only a few, such as ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN, and PL/1, become known to a wider public through various text- and handbooks. The situation surrounding the application of these languages in many computer centers is a similar one. There are differing opinions on the concept "programming languages". What is called a programming language by some may be termed a program, a processor, or a generator by others. Since there are no sharp borderlines in the field of programming languages, works were considered here which deal with machine languages, assemblers, autocoders, syntax and compilers, processors and generators, as well as with general higher programming languages. The bibliography contains some 2,700 titles of books, magazines and essays for around 300 programming languages. However, as shown by the "Overview of Existing Programming Languages", there are more than 300 such languages. The "Overview" lists a total of 676 programming languages, but this is certainly incomplete. One author ' has already announced the "next 700 programming languages"; it is to be hoped the many users may be spared such a great variety for reasons of compatibility. The graphic representations (illustrations 1 & 2) show the development and proportion of the most widely-used programming languages, as measured by the number of publications listed here and by the number of computer manufacturers and software firms who have implemented the language in question. The illustrations show FORTRAN to be in the lead at the present time. PL/1 is advancing rapidly, although PL/1 compilers are not yet seen very often outside of IBM. Some experts believe PL/1 will replace even the widely-used languages such as FORTRAN, COBOL, and ALGOL.4) If this does occur, it will surely take some time - as shown by the chronological diagram (illustration 2) . It would be desirable from the user's point of view to reduce this language confusion down to the most advantageous languages. Those languages still maintained should incorporate the special facets and advantages of the otherwise superfluous languages. Obviously such demands are not in the interests of computer production firms, especially when one considers that a FORTRAN program can be executed on nearly all third-generation computers. The titles in this bibliography are organized alphabetically according to programming language, and within a language chronologically and again alphabetically within a given year. Preceding the first programming language in the alphabet, literature is listed on several languages, as are general papers on programming languages and on the theory of formal languages (AAA). As far as possible, the most of titles are based on autopsy. However, the bibliographical description of sone titles will not satisfy bibliography-documentation demands, since they are based on inaccurate information in various sources. Translation titles whose original titles could not be found through bibliographical research were not included. ' In view of the fact that nany libraries do not have the quoted papers, all magazine essays should have been listed with the volume, the year, issue number and the complete number of pages (e.g. pp. 721-783), so that interlibrary loans could take place with fast reader service. Unfortunately, these data were not always found. It is hoped that this bibliography will help the electronic data processing expert, and those who wish to select the appropriate programming language from the many available, to find a way through the language Babel. We wish to offer special thanks to Mr. Klaus G. Saur and the staff of Verlag Dokumentation for their publishing work. Graz / Austria, May, 1973 in [ACM] ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 4(2) June 1972 view details in [ACM] ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 4(2) June 1972 view details SAS (Statistical Analysis System) is a general-purpose system, runnlng in batch, autobatch, and TSO modes, for data analysis. In developing SAS, our goal was environment for to provide a total data analysis. Too often, using a computer for data analysis has meant that the user must learn one or more statistical packages; utility programs for jobs llke sorting, listing, and copying; the computer's job control language; and a higher-level language such as FORTRAN for those situations that the packages just won't handle. Consequently, users must become computer experts when all they really want to do is concentrate on their research. Creating a total environment for data analysis does little good, however, if the result is a complicated system that takes forever to learn. Ease of use, especially for the computer novice, is an essential attribute second only to accuracy. in Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM SIGUCCS Conference on User Services Tucson, Arizona SESSION: Session 6a: statistical packages view details in Computer Science and Statistics: Tenth Annual Symposium on the Interface, pp. 265-70. Edited by D. Hogben and D. W. Fife. (National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 503.) Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards; 1978 view details in SIGPLAN Notices 13(11) Nov 1978 view details Resources
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